A recent change to the Nationality Act, introduced by Organic Law no. 1/2026, has significantly altered the rules for acquiring Portuguese nationality. Here is what changed and what it means in practice.

A longer residence requirement

One of the most significant changes concerns the minimum period of legal residence required for naturalisation:

  • 10 years for most foreign nationals
  • 7 years for citizens of the European Union and of the CPLP (Portuguese-speaking) countries

This replaces the previous general period of 5 years, materially changing the medium- and long-term path to citizenship.

A more demanding framework

Beyond the time requirement, additional conditions now apply, namely:

  • Demonstrating integration into Portuguese society
  • Knowledge of the language, culture and legal-political system
  • Meeting reinforced requirements of good standing and criminal record

The legislator thus introduces a more demanding model, cumulative in nature — both time-based and qualitative.

Transitional rule

  • Applications filed before the new law came into force continue to be governed by the previous regime.
  • The new rules apply only to new nationality applications.

This is essential for anyone who has already started the process or has an application under way.

Practical impact

These changes have direct implications for anyone seeking to:

  • obtain Portuguese nationality
  • structure a move to Portugal
  • plan an investment with citizenship in mind

Access to nationality has become longer and more demanding, calling for greater anticipation and planning.

Nationality is not the same as visas or residence

It is important to clarify that:

  • these changes concern nationality (citizenship);
  • they do not directly change the visa and residence regimes (D7, D2, among others).

Even so, the impact is strategically relevant, particularly for investors and international clients.

Conclusion

Portugal remains an attractive place to live and invest. However, the current legal framework calls for:

  • an upfront assessment of your residence position;
  • medium- and long-term planning (7 to 10 years);
  • integration with real-estate investment, corporate structuring and succession planning.

Considering applying for Portuguese nationality? We help you assess your position and plan ahead. Get in touch.